Yes it does. The electrode must be covered in order to prevent breakage.

Yes

I believe it does yes.

Yes it does it also comes with a replacement foam piece. I would recommend also purchasing the storage solution.

Yes it has a cap with small sponge to keep the storage solution from evaporating.

Yes. My probe came with both the probe shown in the picture as well as a replacement cap (with a small piece of foam in the end).

Mine did

Fredrick You need the tester PH solutions from More Beer. Calibrate the unit with the PH solutions (sometimes I do it two times) then just test the solutions as if you were testing the brewing water. If they read out the proper PH that’s good. You can try another test by taking some tap water test it add just a little bit of baking soda to the water wait a few minutes and test it again if you see it changes the PH you’re good to go.

MoreBeer sells calibration solutions that are used to calibrate the probe. For example a typical solution is 4.0pH. If you attempt to calibrate the new (or old) probe to the 4.0pH solution and it will not calibrate properly then replace. That would be the most accurate method to determine if you have a "bad" old probe as well.

You'll get readings that seem consistently off. pH meters are not forever pieces of equipment. The probes are inherently fragile and need to be replaced every few years or sooner especially if they are not stored in KCl solution i.e. potassium chloride or if the probe dries out. Check the Kegland website. They are the manufactures of this product and have informative videos for most of their excellent products.